a. Cash and cash equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the balance sheet date to be cash and cash equivalents.
b. Marketable Securities
Marketable securities mature at least three months after the balance sheet date, being recorded at fair value as current or noncurrent assets at the balance sheet date.
c. Financial Instruments
The financial instruments are only recognized as from the date the Company and its subsidiaries become part of the financial instruments contracts. After being recognized they are initially recorded at the fair value plus the transaction costs directly attributable to acquisition. An exception occurs in the case of financial assets and liabilities classified at the fair value, being directly entered into the "Income for the Year".
Subsequently they are measured at each balance sheet date, in accordance with the rules applying to each classification of financial assets and liabilities.
c. 1) |
Financial assets: the main financial assets recognized by the Company and its subsidiaries are: cash and cash equivalents; short-term investments in the Money market; unrealized gains on derivative operations and trade receivables. These assets are classified under the following categories, according to the purpose for which they were acquired or issued:
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(i) |
Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss: in this category are financial assets held for trading and those initially assigned the fair value under "Income". If their original purpose is sale or repurchase in the short term, they are classified as items held for trading. Derivative instruments are also classified as held for trading. At each balance sheet date they are measured at fair value. The interest, monetary restatement, exchange variation and variations arising from determination at fair value are recognized as income, as incurred, on the financial revenue and expense line.
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(ii) |
Loans and receivables: these are non-derivative instruments with fixed or determinable payments, though not quoted in an active market. After the initial recognition, they are measured at the amortized cost, using the effective yield method. The interest rate, monetary restatement and exchange variation less, where applicable, losses on the recoverable value, are recognized as income, as incurred, on the financial revenue and expense line.
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(iii) |
Investments held to maturity date: these are financial, non-derivative assets with fixed or determinable payments and defined maturity for which the Company has a positive intention and ability to hold until the maturity date. After the initial recognition, they are measured at the amortized cost, using the effective yield method. The interest rate, monetary restatement and exchange variation less, where applicable, losses on the recoverable value, are recognized as income, as incurred, on the financial revenue and expense line.
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c. 2) |
Financial liabilities: the main financial liabilities recognized by the Company and its subsidiaries are: trade payables, unrealized losses on derivative operations and loans and financing. They are classified under the following categories, according to the nature of the contracted financial instruments:
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(i) |
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss: these include financial liabilities usually traded before maturity, liabilities recorded, upon the initial recognition, at fair value through the profit and loss and derivative instruments. At each balance sheet date they are measured at fair value. The interest rate, monetary restatement, exchange variation and variations arising from determination at fair value, where applicable, are recognized as income, as incurred, on the financial revenue and expense line.
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(ii) |
Financial liabilities not measured at fair value: these are financial, non-derivative liabilities which are not usually traded before the maturity date. After the initial recognition they are measured at the amortized cost, using the effective yield method.
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d. Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable from the telecommunications service customers are calculated at the tariff rate ruling on the date of service-rendering, including credits for services rendered but not billed until the balance sheet date, receivables from network use and receivables from sales of cell phone sets and accessories.
e. Allowance for doubtful accounts
The allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded based on the customer base profile, the aging of overdue accounts, the economic scenario and the risks involved in each case. The allowance amount is considered sufficient to cover probable losses on
the receivables.
f. Inventories
Inventories are stated at the average acquisition cost. A provision is recognized to adjust the cost of handsets and accessories to net realizable value.
g. Prepaid expenses
Prepaid expenses are stated at the amounts actually spent but not yet incurred.
The subsidy on the sale of handsets and connect cards to postpaid subscribers are deferred and amortized over the minimum term of the service contract signed by subscribers (12 months). The penalties contractually established for those subscribers who cancel their subscription or migrate to prepaid plans before the end of the term of the contract are higher than the subsidy incurred on the sale of handsets and connect cards.
h. Investments
The investments in subsidiaries are valued by the equity method.
i. Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment is stated at acquisition and/or construction cost, less accumulated depreciation calculated based on the straight-line method at rates that take into consideration the estimated useful lives of the assets. Repair and maintenance costs which extend the useful lives of the related assets are capitalized, while other routine costs are charged to the result of operations.
Interest computed on debts that are directly linked to the finance of the construction of property, plant and equipment, is capitalized until the related assets become operational and depreciated based on the useful lives of related assets.
Estimated costs to be incurred on dismantling cellular towers and equipment on leased property are capitalized and depreciated based on the useful lives of the related assets.
The Company's management reviews property, plant and equipment for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable on the basis of undiscounted future cash flows. The reviews are carried out at the lowest level of asset groups to which management is able to attribute identifiable future cash flows. The Company analyzes the net book value of the underlying assets and adjusts it if the sum of the expected future cash flows is less than the net book value. These reviews have not indicated the need to recognize any impairment losses on the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008.
The estimated useful lives of all property, plant and equipment items are regularly reviewed considering technological advances.
j. Intangible assets
Intangibles assets reflect: (i) the purchase of authorizations and radio frequency band licensing, shown at the acquisition cost; (ii) goodwill and (iii) software in use and/or under development.
The amortization expenses are calculated on the straight-line method over the useful life of assets, as follows: five years for radio frequency bands and software; and fifteen years for authorizations. The goodwill was amortized in 2008 according to its useful life estimated in ten years, and has not been amortized in 2009.
The estimates of useful lives of property, plant and equipment are regularly reviewed in order to reflect technological changes.
TIM Celular's goodwill was recorded based on the expected future profitability. It is periodically reviewed concerning its profitability.
k. Deferred charges
The deferred charges comprise pre-operating expenses and financial costs of the required working capital at the subsidiaries' pre-operating stage, which are amortized on the straight-line basis in ten years from the date the subsidiaries become operative.
l. Liabilities
These are recognized in the balance sheet when the Company has a legal obligation or one arising from past events, the settlement of which may require disbursement of economic resources. Some liabilities involve uncertainties concerning the term and value, being estimated as incurred and recorded by means of a provision. The provisions are recorded based on the best estimates of related risks.
m. Income tax and social contribution
The provision for income tax and social contribution is calculated in accordance with pertinent legislation in force at the balance sheet date. Income tax is calculated at 15% on taxable income, plus 10% surtax on portions exceeding R$240 in a 12-month period. Social contribution is calculated at 9% on taxable income recognized on the accrual basis. As a consequence, temporarily non-deductible expenses included in the book value of income or temporarily non-deductible revenues excluded from taxable income give rise to deferred tax credits and debits.
Prepaid amounts or those which can be offset are shown as current or non-current assets, depending on the expectative of its realization.
Deferred income and social contribution taxes on the related accumulated tax losses and on temporary differences are assessed based on the expected generation of future taxable income less the valuation allowance recognized in accordance with the regulations established by CVM Instruction No. 371/02.
TIM Nordeste, merged into TIM Celular, through Certificates ("Laudos Constitutivos") No. 0144/2003 and No. 0232/2003, issued on March 31, 2003 by the Agency for Development of the Northeast Region of Brazil - ADENE, became eligible to the following tax incentives: (i) 75% reduction in income tax and non-refundable surtaxes, for 10 (ten) years, from 2002 to 2011, calculated on profit from tax incentive activities ("lucro da exploração") resulting from implementation of their installed capacity to render digital mobile telephony services; and (ii) reduction by 37.5%, 25% and 12.5% in income tax and refundable surtaxes, for fiscal years 2003, 2004 to 2008 and 2009 to 2013, respectively, calculated on profit from tax incentive activities resulting from the installed capacity for rendering analogical mobile telephony services.
n. Provision for contingencies
This provision is set up based on the opinion of the Companies' internal and external lawyers and management, in an amount deemed sufficient to cover probable losses and risks. Possible losses and risks are disclosed, while remote losses are not.
o. Assets retirement obligations
The Company records as asset retirement obligations the present value of the estimated costs to be incurred for dismantling and removing cellular towers and equipment from leased sites. The offset to this provision is recorded as property, plant and equipment, and the depreciation is calculated based on the useful lives of the corresponding assets.
p. Revenue recognition
Wireless services revenue primarily includes monthly recurring charges (subscriptions), airtime (usage of telephone), roaming charges and long distance calls. Wireless services revenue is recognized based upon minutes of use processed, net of credits and adjustments for services discounts. Billings are recorded monthly and the revenues not billed between the billings date and the end of the month are identified and processed and recognized in the month the service was rendered. Revenues from prepaid services are recognized when the services are rendered to customers. Revenue and related expenses associated with the sale of wireless handsets and accessories are recognized when the products are delivered and accepted by the customer or distributors.
q. Pension plans and other post-employment benefits
The Company and its subsidiaries record the adjustments related to the obligations of the employees' pension plan, based on the Projected Credit Unit method, in conformity with the rules established by IBRACON NPC 26, approved by CVM Deliberation No. 371.
r. Foreign currency transactions
Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the rate of exchange at the transaction date. Foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities are translated into reais using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date, as informed by the Central Bank of Brazil. Exchange gains and losses are recognized in the income statement as they occur.
s. Employees' profit sharing
The Company and its subsidiaries monthly record a provision for employees' profit sharing, based on the targets disclosed to its employees and approved by the Board of Directors. The related amounts are recorded as personnel expenses and allocated to the statements of operations' accounts considering each employee's cost center.
t. Earnings per share
This figure is determined based on the number of outstanding shares at the balance sheet date.
u. Use of estimates
Estimates are used for measuring and recognizing certain assets and liabilities reflected in the financial statements of the Company. In making these estimates, past and current experiences, assumptions underlying future events, and other objective and subjective factors were taken into account. Among the significant items subject to estimates are: the determination of useful lives of fixed and intangible assets; the allowance for doubtful accounts; the provision for losses on inventories; an analysis of fixed and intangible assets recovery amounts; deferred income tax and social contribution; rates and deadlines considered for adjusting certain assets and liabilities to present value; the provision for actuarial liabilities; the provision for contingencies; quantification of the fair value of financial instruments; considerations concerning recognition and measurement of development costs capitalized as intangible assets; estimates for disclosure of a sensitivity analysis of derivative instruments according to CVM Instruction 475/08. Due to the inaccuracies inherent in their determination, when settled, the transactions involving estimates may result in rather different amounts from those reflected in the financial statements.
v. Adjustment to Present Value
The Company and its subsidiaries, in accordance with the Law 11.638/07, recognize present value adjustments for long-term assets and liabilities. The present value effects are also recorded for short-term balances if these effects are significant, comparing to the Company's working capital and considering the financial statements as a whole. The discount to present value is based on the basic interest rate prevailing in the Brazilian market (commonly Interbank Deposit Certificate – CDI).